Gusobanukirwa Amavuta ya hydrogen: Sitasiyo Yuzuye

Amavuta ya hydrogène yabaye umusimbuzi wemewe nkuko isi ihindura amasoko yingufu zisukuye. Iyi ngingo ivuga kuri sitasiyo ya hydrogène, ibibazo bahura nabyo, ndetse nuburyo bashobora gukoresha mu gutwara abantu.

Sitasiyo ya Hydrogen ni iki?

Amavuta ya lisansi yimodoka yamashanyarazi arashobora kwakira hydrogène muma site yihariye yitwa sitasiyo ya hydrogène (HRS). Nubwo bikozwe mu guhangana na hydrogène, gaze yita ingamba zihariye zo kwirinda umutekano hamwe n’imashini zidasanzwe, iyi sitasiyo isa neza na sitasiyo isanzwe.

Sisitemu yo gukora hydrogène cyangwa kuyitanga, gukonjesha no kubika, hamwe na dispanseri nibice bitatu byingenzi bya sitasiyo ya hydrogène. Hydrogene irashobora kugezwa muri kiriya kigo hakoreshejwe imiyoboro cyangwa amamodoka, cyangwa irashobora gukorerwa aho hakoreshejwe ivugurura rya metani hamwe na parike cyangwa electrolysis kugirango ikore.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya sitasiyo ya hydrogène:

Ibikoresho byo gukora cyangwa gutwara hydrogène mu bwato

l compressing ibice kugirango byongere umuvuduko wibigega bya hydrogène bibika hydrogene yumuvuduko ukabije

Gutanga hamwe na nozles zidasanzwe za FCEV

l ibikorwa byumutekano nko gushakisha no guhagarika mugihe cyihutirwa

Ni ikihe kibazo gikomeye hamwe na lisansi ya hydrogen?

Ibikoresho byo gukora cyangwa gutwara hydrogène mu bikoresho bikanda kugirango byongere umuvuduko wibigega bya hydrogène bibika hydrogène ifite umuvuduko ukabijedispensers hamwe na FCEV idasanzwe yumutekano ibikorwa byumutekano nko gushakisha no guhagarika mugihe cyihutirwa.Igiciro cyumusaruro ningufu zingirakamaro nibibazo nyamukuru byugarije lisansi ya hydrogen. Muri iki gihe, ivugurura rya metani metani - ikoresha gaze karemano kandi ikabyara imyuka ya karubone - ikoreshwa mu gutanga hydrogene nyinshi. Nubwo "icyatsi kibisi" cyakozwe na electrolysis hamwe ningufu zishobora kuba nziza, igiciro kiracyari hejuru cyane.

Izi nizo mbogamizi zingenzi cyane: Gutwara no Kubika: Kubera ko hydrogène ifite ingufu nkeya kubwinshi bwayo, irashobora gukusanywa cyangwa gukonjeshwa gusa n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’ikirere, bigatera ibibazo hamwe n’ibiciro.

Gutezimbere Ibikoresho: bisaba amikoro menshi yo kubaka umubare munini wibitoro.

Gutakaza ingufu: Kubera gutakaza ingufu mugihe cyo gukora, kugabanya, no guhana, selile ya lisansi ikozwe muri hydrogène yagabanutse imikorere "kuva ku iriba kugeza ku ruziga" kuruta imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite bateri.

N'ubwo izo ngorane leta ishyigikira hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ubukungu bwa hydrogène.

Amavuta ya hydrogène aruta amashanyarazi?

Guhitamo hagati yimodoka yamashanyarazi ya batiri (BEVs) nimodoka ikoreshwa ningirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène biragoye kuko, ukurikije ikibazo cyo gukoresha, ubwoko bwikoranabuhanga butanga ibyiza byihariye.

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi hamwe na bateri zifite akamaro kanini mu gutwara no gukoresha imijyi ya buri munsi, mugihe imodoka zikoresha hydrogène zikora neza kubisabwa bisaba intera ndende na lisansi yihuse, nka bisi namakamyo.

Nibihe bangahe bya peteroli ya hydrogène Ihari kwisi?

Sitasiyo zirenga 1.000 za hydrogène zakoraga ku isi hose guhera mu 2026, kandi iterambere rizaba riteganijwe mu myaka iri imbere. Hariho ibice byinshi byihariye ahositasiyo ya hydrogennibimuwe:

Hamwe na fiamaganasitasiyo, Aziya ifata isoko, cyane cyane igizwe nibihugu bya Koreya yepfo (sitasiyo zirenga 100) nu Buyapani (sitasiyo zirenga 160). Ubushinwaisokoiratera imbere vuba kuko guverinoma ifite intego zikomeye.

Hamwe na sitasiyo zigera ku 100, Ubudage buri imbere yuburayi, bwirata hafi magana abiri. Kugeza 2030, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi urateganya kuzamura sitasiyo ibihumbi.

Sitasiyo zirenga 80 zifite aho zihurira muri Amerika ya ruguru, cyane cyane ziva muri Californiya, hamwe n’izindi nke muri Kanada no mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru y’Amerika.

Hamwe n'ibiteganijwe byerekana ko ku isi hose hashobora kuba sitasiyo zirenga 5.000 ku isi mu 2030, ivuga ahantu hose yazanye politiki ku meza yagenewe guteza imbere iyubakwa rya hydrogène.

Kuki lisansi ya hydrogen iruta peteroli?

Ugereranije n’ibicanwa gakondo bikozwe mu mavuta, lisansi ya hydrogène ifite ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye:

Umwuka wa Zeru: Ingirabuzimafatizo zikoreshwa na hydrogène zirinda imyuka yangiza y’umuriro itera umwanda uhumanya ikirere hamwe n’ubushyuhe bukabije binyuze mu kubyara imyuka y’amazi gusa.

Icyatsi kibisi gisaba: Ingufu zisukuye zirashobora gushirwaho mugukora hydrogène ukoresheje amasoko karemano nkizuba ryizuba ningufu zumuyaga.

Umutekano w'ingufu: gukora igihugu cya hydrogène biva mu masoko menshi bigabanya gushingira kuri peteroli yo hanze.

Ubushobozi buhanitse: Iyo ugereranije nibinyabiziga bikoreshwa na moteri yotsa lisansi, ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi bikubye hafi inshuro ebyiri na eshatu gukora neza.

Ibikorwa bituje: Kubera ko imodoka ya hydrogen ikora neza, igabanya umwanda w urusaku mumijyi.

Inyungu zicyatsi cya hydrogène zituma ihitamo neza gusimbuza lisansi muguhindura ubwikorezi busukuye, icyakora ibibazo byinganda nubwikorezi biracyagaragara.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugirango wubake sitasiyo ya hydrogène?

Igihe cya peteroli ya hydrogène igihe cyo kubaka giterwa cyane nibintu byinshi nkubunini bwa sitasiyo, aho ikorera, amategeko abemerera, ndetse niba hydrogène itangwa cyangwa ikorerwa ahabigenewe.

Kuri sitasiyo nkeya hamwe nibice byateguwe kandi bigabanijwe, gahunda isanzwe iri mumezi atandatu na cumi n'abiri.

Kuri sitasiyo nini kandi zigoye hamwe nibikorwa byo gukora kurubuga, bifata amezi 12 kugeza 24.

Ibintu bikurikira nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumwanya wo kubaka: guhitamo urubuga no gutegura

Ibisabwa bisabwa

Gushaka no gutanga ibikoresho

Kubaka no gushiraho

Gushiraho no gusuzuma umutekano

Kohereza amashanyarazi ya hydrogène ubu birakorwa neza bitewe niterambere rishya mubishushanyo mbonera bya sitasiyo byagabanije igihe cyagenwe.

Amashanyarazi angahe ava muri kg 1 ya Hydrogen?

Imikorere ya selile yimikorere iterwa numubare w'amashanyarazi ushobora kubyara ukoresheje ikiro kimwe cya hydrogen. Mubisabwa bya buri munsi:

Ikiro kimwe cya hydrogène gishobora guha ingufu imodoka isanzwe ikoreshwa na selile ya kilometero 60-70.

Ikiro kimwe cya hydrogène gifite hafi 33,6 kWh yingufu.

Ikiro kimwe cya hydrogène gishobora kubyara amashanyarazi agera kuri 15-20 kWh ikoreshwa nyuma yo kwizerwa kwa selile (mubisanzwe 40-60%).

Kugira ngo tubishyire mu bikorwa, urugo rusanzwe rwabanyamerika rukoresha amashanyarazi agera kuri mirongo itatu ku munsi, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko, iyo bihinduwe neza, kg 2 ya hydrogène ishobora kuyobora inzu kumunsi.

Ingufu zo Guhindura Ingufu:

Ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa na selile ya hydrogène muri rusange bifite imbaraga "nziza-ku ruziga" hagati ya 25-35%, mugihe imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za batiri mubusanzwe zifite imikorere ya 70-90%. Gutakaza ingufu mu gukora hydrogène, decompression, ubwikorezi, hamwe na selile ya lisansi niyo mpamvu nyamukuru itera itandukaniro.