GusobanukirwaSitasiyo zo kongeramo lisansi ya Hydrogen: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Amavuta ya hydrogène yabaye nk'ikintu cyemewe gusimbura isi kuko isi ihinduka ijya ku isoko ry'ingufu zisukuye. Iyi nkuru ivuga ku nyubako zo kongeramo hydrogène, imbogamizi zihura nazo, n'uburyo zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu.

Sitasiyo yo kongeramo lisansi ya Hydrogen ni iki?

Utwuma twa lisansi tw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi dushobora kwakira lisansi ya hydrogen iturutse ahantu runaka hitwa sitasiyo zo kongeramo hydrogen (HRS). Nubwo twakozwe kugira ngo dukoreshwe mu guhangana na hydrogen, gazi yita ingamba zihariye zo kwirinda n’imashini zidasanzwe, utu dusanduku dusa neza na sitasiyo zisanzwe za lisansi.

Uburyo bwo gukora cyangwa gutanga imashini ya hydrogen,ibigega bikonjesha n'ububiko, naibikoresho byo gutangani ibice bitatu by'ingenzi bya sitasiyo yo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen. Hydrogen ishobora kugezwa mu kigo hakoreshejwe imiyoboro cyangwa terefone, cyangwa igakorerwa aho hantu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa methane bwo kuvugurura umwuka w'umwuka cyangwaelectrolysis kugira ngo ikoreshwe.

Ibice by'ingenzi bigize sitasiyo yo kongeramo amashanyarazi ya Hydrogen:

Ibikoresho byo gukora cyangwa gutwara imyuka ya hydrogen mu bwato

Ibikoresho byo gukamya l kugira ngo byongere umuvuduko w'ibigega bya hydrogen bibika hydrogen ifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane

 

Udukoresho two koherezamo ibikoresho dufite imiyoboro yihariye ya FCEV

Inzego z'umutekano nko gushakisha amazi asohoka no kuzimya mu gihe cy'impanuka

Ni ikihe kibazo gikomeye kirimo lisansi ya Hydrogen?

Ibikoresho byo gukora cyangwa gutwara hydrogen mu mato acukura kugira ngo byongere umuvuduko w'ibigega bya hydrogen bibika hydrogen ifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyanedinshundura zifite imikorere yihariye yo kurinda imiyoboro ya FCEV nko kubona amazi asohoka no kuzimya mu bihe byihutirwa.Ikiguzi cy'umusaruro n'ingufu zikoreshwa neza ni byo bibazo by'ingenzi bihura na peteroli ya hydrogen. Muri iki gihe, kuvugurura methane y'umwuka—ikoresha gaze karemano kandi igatanga imyuka ya karuboni—bikoreshwa mu gukora inyinshi muri hydrogen. Nubwo "hydrogen y'icyatsi" ikorwa hakoreshejwe electrolysis ikoresheje ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ari nziza, ikiguzi kiracyari hejuru cyane.

Izi ni imbogamizi zikomeye kurushaho: Ubwikorezi n'Ububiko: Kubera ko hydrogen ifite ingufu nke ugereranyije n'ingano yayo, ishobora gukonjeshwa gusa mu kirere gishyushye cyane, bigatera ingorane n'ikiguzi.

Kunoza ibikoresho: bisaba amikoro menshi kubaka ahantu henshi ho gushyira lisansi.

Ingufu zigabanuka: Kubera igihombo cy'ingufu mu gihe cyo gukora, kugabanya no guhinduranya, uturemangingo twa lisansi dukozwe muri hydrogen tugira imikorere igabanuka "kuva ku isoko kugera ku ruziga" ugereranyije n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite batiri.

Nubwo hari izi ngorane inkunga ya leta n'ubushakashatsi bukomeje birimo gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'ubukungu bwa hydrogen.

Ese lisansi ya Hydrogen ni nziza kurusha amashanyarazi?

Guhitamo hagati y’imodoka zikoresha batiri (BEVs) n’imodoka zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen biragoye kuko, hashingiwe ku kibazo cy’ikoreshwa, buri bwoko bw’ikoranabuhanga butanga ibyiza byihariye.

Igipimo	Imodoka zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogène	Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha batiri
Igihe cyo kongeramo lisansi	Iminota 3-5 (bisa na lisansi)	Kuva ku minota 30 kugeza ku masaha menshi
Urugendo	Ibilometero 300-400 kuri buri tanki	Ibilometero 200-300 kuri buri kiguzi
Ibikorwaremezo	Sitasiyo nke zo gushyiramo lisansi	Umuyoboro munini wo gusharija
Gukoresha neza ingufu	Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza ibyuma bitwara imizigo	Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa neza
Porogaramu	Ubwikorezi bw'imodoka ndende n'iziremereye	Imodoka zo mu mujyi zitwara abantu n'ibintu, imodoka zoroheje

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite batiri ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gutwara abantu no mu mikoreshereze ya buri munsi mu mijyi, mu gihe imodoka zikoresha hydrogen zikora neza mu bikorwa bisaba intera ndende no kongeramo lisansi vuba, nko muri bisi n'amakamyo.

Hari sitasiyo zingahe zo kongeramo amashanyarazi ya Hydrogen ku Isi?

Sitasiyo zisaga 1.000 zo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen zari zikora ku isi yose mu 2026, kandi hateganijwe kwiyongera gukomeye mu myaka ikurikiraho. Hari ahantu henshi hihariye ahositasiyo yo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogennikwimurwa:

Hamwe na over fiamaganasitasiyo, Aziya yigarurira isoko, rigizwe ahanini n'ibihugu bya Koreya y'Epfo (sitasiyo zirenga 100) n'Ubuyapani (sitasiyo zirenga 160).isokoiri kwiyongera cyane kuko leta ifite intego zikomeye.

Ubudage bufite sitasiyo hafi 100, burusha Uburayi, bufite sitasiyo zigera kuri magana abiri. Mu 2030, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi urateganya kongera umubare wa sitasiyo ibihumbi.

Sitasiyo zirenga 80 zifite aho zisohokera muri Amerika ya Ruguru, cyane cyane muri Kaliforuniya, izindi nke muri Kanada no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Bitewe n'uko ibiteganyijwe bigaragaza ko hashobora kuba hari sitasiyo zirenga 5.000 ku isi mu 2030, ibihugu byose byashyizeho politiki zigamije guteza imbere ubwiyongere bwa sitasiyo za hydrogen.

Kuki lisansi ya Hydrogen ari nziza kurusha lisansi?

Ugereranyije n'ibicanwa bisanzwe bikozwe muri peteroli, peteroli ya hydrogen ifite ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye:

Umwanduzo w'umwuka ntugire ingaruka mbi: uturemangingo twa lisansi dukoresha hydrogen twirinda imyuka mibi ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere kandi igashyushya ubushyuhe binyuze mu gukora umwuka w'amazi nk'ingaruka mbi.

Gukenera Ingufu Zibungabunga Ibidukikije: Ingufu zisukuye zishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe imashini ya hydrogen ikoresheje amasoko karemano nk'izuba n'ingufu z'umuyaga.

Umutekano w'Ingufu: ikorwa rya hydrogen mu gihugu riva mu masoko atandukanye rigabanya kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli yo mu mahanga.

Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza: Ugereranyije n'imodoka zikoresha moteri zikoresha lisansi, imodoka zikoresha lisansi zifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.

Imirimo ituje: Kubera ko imodoka za hydrogen zikora neza, zigabanya urusaku mu mijyi.

Inyungu z’icyatsi kibisi za hydrogen zituma biba amahitamo meza yo gusimbuza lisansi mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu mu buryo busukuye, ariko haracyariho ibibazo by’inganda n’ubwikorezi.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo hubakwe sitasiyo yo kongeramo amashanyarazi ya Hydrogen?

Igihe sitasiyo yo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen ikoreshwa mu kubaka gishingiye cyane ku bintu byinshi nko ku bipimo bya sitasiyo, aho ikorera, amategeko abyemera, ndetse no kumenya niba hydrogen itangwa cyangwa ikorerwa aho hantu.

Ku sitasiyo nke zifite ibice byateguwe mbere kandi biciriritse, ingengabihe isanzwe iba mu mezi atandatu na cumi n'abiri.

Ku sitasiyo nini kandi zigoye zifite ibikoresho byo gukora aho hantu, bifata amezi 12 kugeza kuri 24.

Ibintu bikurikira ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo kubaka: guhitamo ahantu n'igenamigambi

Ibyemezo n'impushya bisabwa

Gushaka no gutanga ibikoresho

Kubaka no gushyiraho

Gushyiraho no gusuzuma umutekano

Gukoresha inganda z'amashanyarazi za hydrogen ubu bifite akamaro kanini bitewe n'iterambere rishya mu miterere ya sitasiyo za modular zifite igihe cyo gushushanya.

Ni amashanyarazi angahe aturuka kuri kilo 1 ya Hydrogen?

Imikorere y'uturemangingo dutanga ingufu iterwa n'ingano y'amashanyarazi ashobora kubyazwa hakoreshejwe ikilo kimwe cya hydrogen. Mu bikorwa bya buri munsi:

Ikilo kimwe cya hydrogen gishobora gukoresha imodoka isanzwe ikoresha lisansi mu ntera ya kilometero 60-70.

Ikilo kimwe cya hydrogen gifite hafi 33.6 kWh by'ingufu.

Ikilo kimwe cya hydrogen gishobora gutanga amashanyarazi angana na 15-20 kWh ashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo kwitabwaho mu buryo bwizewe bwa selile zikoresha lisansi (ubusanzwe 40-60%).

Mu buryo bufatika, urugo rusanzwe rw’Abanyamerika rukoresha hafi kWh mirongo itatu z’amashanyarazi ku munsi, bigaragaza ko, iyo ruhinduwe neza, kg 2 za hydrogen zishobora gukoresha inzu umunsi umwe.

Uburyo bwo guhindura ingufu neza:

Ibinyabiziga bikoresha uturemangingo twa hydrogene muri rusange bigira ubushobozi bwo "gukora neza" hagati ya 25-35%, mu gihe imodoka zikoresha batiri zikoresha amashanyarazi muri rusange zigira ubushobozi bwo gukora bwa 70-90%. Gutakaza ingufu mu gukora hydrogene, gukuraho ingufu, gutwara, no guhindura uturemangingo twa lisansi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera iri tandukaniro.