LNG vs CNG: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo guhitamo lisansi ya lisansi

Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro, ikoreshwa, n'ejo hazaza ha LNG na CNG mu nganda z'ingufu zitera imbere

Ni iyihe LNG cyangwa CNG nziza kurusha izindi?

"Ibyiza" biterwa gusa n'ikoreshwa ry'imashini. LNG (Gazi karemano ishongeshejwe), ifite amazi kuri -162°C, ni ubucucike bwinshi cyane, bigatuma iba nziza cyane ku modoka zitwara abantu n'ibintu, amato, na gari ya moshi. Bikeneye kugira intera ndende ishoboka. Gutwara abantu mu ntera ngufi nka tagisi, bisi, n'amakamyo mato birakwiriye cyane kuri gaze karemano ifunze (CNG), ishobora kubikwa nk'gaze iri munsi y'umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ifite ubucucike bw'ingufu buri hasi. Amahitamo aterwa no kugera ku buringanire bukwiye hagati yo kugera ku bikorwa remezo n'ibikenewe mu ntera.

Ni ibihe binyabiziga bishobora gukora kuri CNG?

Ubwo bwoko bwa lisansi bushobora gukoreshwa mu modoka zakozwe cyangwa zahinduwe kugira ngo zikoreshwe kuri gaze karemano ifunze (CNG). Ikoreshwa risanzwe rya CNG ririmo amato yo mu mujyi, tagisi, amakamyo yo gukuramo imyanda, n'ubwikorezi rusange bwo mu mujyi (bisi). Imodoka za CNG zikorerwa mu ruganda nazo zitangwa ku modoka nyinshi ku bagenzi, nka verisiyo yihariye ya Honda Civic cyangwa Toyota Camry. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo guhindura imodoka bishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvugurura imodoka nyinshi hamwe na moteri za lisansi kugira ngo zikore mu buryo bwa lisansi (lisansi/CNG), bitanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi.

Ese LNG ishobora gukoreshwa mu modoka?

Nubwo bishoboka mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ni ibintu bidasanzwe cyane kandi bidashoboka ku modoka zisanzwe. Kugira ngo LNG igumane imiterere y'amazi ingana na -162°C, ikenera uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyitunganya,ibigega byo kubikamo ibintu bihendutseIzi sisitemu ni nini, zirahenze, kandi ntizikwiriye ahantu hato imbere mu modoka nto. Muri iki gihe, amakamyo akomeye kandi akora ingendo ndende n'izindi modoka nini z'ubucuruzi zifite umwanya wo gushyiramo ibigega binini n'ubushobozi bwo kunguka inyungu mu modoka ndende za LNG ni zo modoka zonyine zikoresha izo modoka.

Ni izihe mbogamizi za CNG nk'amavuta?

Ingaruka mbi za CNG ni uko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara imodoka ugereranije na mazutu cyangwa lisansi ndetse n'uburyo buke bwo gushyiramo lisansi, cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere.Ibigega bya CNGni nini kandi ziremereye, akenshi bifata umwanya munini w'imizigo, cyane cyane mu modoka z'abagenzi. Byongeye kandi, imodoka zikunze guhenda cyane kuzigura cyangwa kuzihindura mu ntangiriro. Byongeye kandi, igihe cyo kongeramo lisansi kiraramba kurusha igihe cy'amavuta y'amazi, kandi imikorere ishobora kuba iri hasi gato ugereranyije na moteri zisa zikoresha lisansi.

Ni ahantu henshi ho gushyira lisansi ya CNG muri Nijeriya?

Sisitemu ya Nijeriya yoSitasiyo za lisansi za CNGiracyari mu iterambere kuva mu ntangiriro za 2024. Raporo ziherutse gusohoka mu nganda zigaragaza ko hakiri sitasiyo nke za CNG zikoreshwa n’abaturage, aho hateganyijwe ko sitasiyo zigera kuri 10 kugeza kuri 20. Inyinshi muri zo ziherereye mu mijyi minini nka Lagos na Abuja. Ariko, mu myaka iri imbere, uyu mubare ushobora kwiyongera vuba bitewe n’umushinga wa leta wa "Gaz Development Project," ushyigikira gaze karemano nk’isoko y’ingufu ihendutse kandi itangiza ibidukikije mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu.

Ikigega cya CNG kimara igihe kingana iki?

Ibigega bya CNG bifite igihe kigoye cyo kubikoresha, ubusanzwe bigaragazwa n'itariki byakoreshejwe kuva igihe byakorewe aho kuba imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Umubare munini w'amabwiriza y'igihugu n'amahanga asaba ko ibigega bya CNG, byaba bikozwe mu bikoresho by'ubukorikori cyangwa ibyuma, bigira igihe cyo kubikoresha cy'imyaka 15-20. Uko imiterere yabyo yaba imeze kose, ibigega bigomba gusanwa nyuma y'igihe runaka kugira ngo umutekano ube mwiza. Nk'igice cya gahunda yo gusana buri gihe, ibigega bigomba kandi gusuzumwa ubwiza bwabyo hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaso n'ibizamini by'umuvuduko buri gihe.

Ni ikihe cyiza kurusha ibindi, LPG cyangwa CNG?

CNG cyangwa LPG (gaze ya peteroli ikoze mu mazi) byombi ni ibisimbura lisansi bifite imiterere yihariye. Ugereranyije na LPG (propane/butane), iremereye kurusha umwuka kandi ishobora kwiyubaka, CNG, ahanini ari methane, ni ntoya kurusha umwuka kandi irashwanyagurika vuba iyo yangiritse. Kubera ko CNG yashya neza, isiga ibice bike bya moteri. Ku rundi ruhande, LPG ifite sisitemu yo kongeramo lisansi ku isi yose, ingufu nyinshi, n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuyikoresha. Iri hitamo rikunze kugira ingaruka ku kiguzi cya lisansi muri aka karere, umubare w'imodoka, na sisitemu yo kuyishyigikira iriho ubu.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya LNG na CNG?

Imiterere yabyo n'uburyo byo kubikamo ni byo bigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye. Gazi karemano ifunze, cyangwa CNG, iguma mu miterere ya gaze ku muvuduko mwinshi (ubusanzwe 200–250 bar). LNG, cyangwa gaze karemano yashongeshejwe, ni gaze ikorwa no kugabanya gaze karemano kugeza kuri -162°C, iyihinduramo amazi kandi ikagabanya ingano irimo hafi inshuro 600. Kubera iyo mpamvu, LNG ifite ingufu nyinshi cyane kurusha CNG, bituma ikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu intera ndende aho kwihangana ari ingenzi. Ariko, ikenera ibikoresho bihenze kandi bihenze byo kubikamo ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'amazi.

Intego yaIkigega cya LNG?

Igikoresho cyihariye cyo kubikamo amazi ni ikigega cya LNG. Intego y'ibanze ni ukugabanya umwuka utemba (BOG) binyuze mu kubika LNG mu buryo bwayo bw'amazi ku bushyuhe buri hasi cyane hafi ya -162°C. Ibi bigega bifite imiterere igoye y'inkuta ebyiri hamwe n'ubushyuhe buhanitse hagati y'inkuta n'aho amazi aturuka. LNG ishobora kubikwa no kwimurwa mu ntera ndende hakoreshejwe amakamyo, amato, n'ahantu ho kubika ibintu hatangiritse cyane kubera iyi miterere.

Ni ikiSitasiyo ya CNG?

Ahantu hihariye hatanga lisansi ku binyabiziga bikoresha CNG hitwa sitasiyo ya CNG. Gazi karemano muri rusange ijyanwa kuri yo ku muvuduko muto n'uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu buri hafi yayo. Nyuma y'ibyo, iyi gaze isukurwa, ikonjeshwa, kandi igakandamizwa mu byiciro byinshi hakoreshejwe compressors zikomeye kugira ngo igere ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane (hagati ya 200 na 250 bar). Imiyoboro yo kubikamo gazi ifite amazi ikoreshwa mu kubika gazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane. Ugereranije no kongeramo lisansi, ariko hakoreshejwe gaze ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, gazi iva muri ubwo bubiko ijya mu kigega cya CNG cy'imodoka hakoreshejwe icyuma cyihariye gitanga lisansi.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya LNG na gaze isanzwe?

Ibikomoka kuri peteroli bikunze kwitwa gaze "isanzwe". Gaze methane y'amazi, cyangwa LNG, ni gaze karemano idapfa kwangirika yashyizwe mu bubiko neza. Uruvange rw'amazi rwahinduwe rw'ibikomoka kuri karubone bitandukanye byitwa peteroli rukorwa mu mavuta yatunganyijwe. Iyo ugereranyije na lisansi, LNG ikora ibintu bike cyane byangiza (nka oxides za azote (NOx), oxides za sulfur, na particulate matter) mu gihe cyo gutwika, aho ibintu by'ingenzi ari dioxyde de carbone (CO2) n'umwuka w'amazi. Bitandukanye na sisitemu ya LNG ikiri gutera imbere, lisansi ifite ingufu nyinshi kuri buri gipimo kandi ibona inyungu zo kongeramo lisansi ku isi hose.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya

Ibiranga	LNG (Gazi Kamere Irimo Umunyu)	CNG (Gazi Kamere Ifunze)
Imiterere y'umubiri	Amazi	Imyuka
Ubucucike bw'ingufu	Hejuru cyane	Hagati
Porogaramu z'ibanze	Amakamyo akomeye, Amato, Gariyamoshi	Bisi, Tagisi, Imodoka zoroheje
Ibikorwaremezo	Sitasiyo zihariye zo gutwikira amazi, zidakunze kugaragara cyane	Aho kuzuza amavuta, kwagura umuyoboro w'itumanaho
Ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya imiterere y'ahantu	Indangagaciro ndende	Intera iri hagati kugeza kuri ngufi
Umuvuduko wo kubika	Umuvuduko muke (ariko bisaba ubushyuhe bukabije)	Umuvuduko ukabije (200-250 bar)

Umwanzuro

Mu mpinduka mu gukoresha ingufu zisukuye, LNG na CNG ni ibisubizo byungukira impande zose aho kuba ibicuruzwa bihanganye. Ku ntera ndende, ubwikorezi bukomeye, aho ingufu zayo nyinshi zitanga urwego rukenewe, LNG ni yo mahitamo meza. Ku rundi ruhande, CNG ni igisubizo cyiza kandi gishingiye ku bidukikije ku bigo n'imijyi bifite amakamyo yoroheje agomba kugenda ku rugero ruto. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli byombi bizakenerwa mu kunoza impinduka mu ngufu, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no kugabanya ikiguzi cya peteroli ku masoko arimo gukura nka Nijeriya. Ubwoko bwihariye bw'imodoka, urwego rw'imikorere, no guteza imbere serivisi zo mu gace, byose bigomba kwitonderwa mu gihe cyo guhitamo hagati yabyo.