Sitasiyo ya mbere yo kuvugurura LNG muri Nijeriya

Incamake y'umushinga
Gutangira neza sitasiyo ya mbere ya LNG muri Nijeriya bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye ku gihugu mu gukoresha neza gaze karemano ikoreshwa mu buryo bunoze no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu zisukuye. Nk'umushinga w'ingufu ku rwego rw'igihugu, iyi sitasiyo ikoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gushyushya umwuka mu kirere kugira ngo ihindure gaze karemano itumizwa mu mahanga mu buryo buhamye, itanga isoko yizewe rya gaze ku bakoresha inganda zo mu gace, inganda zikoresha gaze, n'umuyoboro w'ingufu zikoreshwa mu mijyi. Uyu mushinga ntugabanya gusa imbogamizi zo gutanga gaze karemano mu gihugu muri Nijeriya, ahubwo, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryayo rigezweho n'igishushanyo mbonera cyizewe, ushyiraho igipimo ngenderwaho cya tekiniki cy'iterambere rinini kandi risanzwe ry'ibikorwa remezo byo kongera gukoresha gaze muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Ibi bigaragaza neza ubushobozi bw'uwikorera mu rwego mpuzamahanga rw'ibikoresho by'ingufu byo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi n'ibiranga tekiniki

1. Sisitemu nini yo gushyushya umwuka mu kirere ikora neza cyane
   Igice cy’imbere cya sitasiyo gikoresha ibikoresho byinshi bihindura umwuka binini, bifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora umwuka burenze 10.000 Nm³/h. Ibi bikoresho bihindura umwuka bifite imiterere myiza y’inzira y’umwuka ikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye, bigatuma umwuka uhinduka nta ngufu ukoreshwa binyuze mu guhanahana ubushyuhe n’umwuka ukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Ntabwo bisaba andi masoko y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa amazi, bigatuma bikwiranye cyane n’ikirere gishyushye cya Nijeriya kandi bigatanga ingufu zidasanzwe kandi zitanga umusaruro mwiza mu bukungu.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera gikomeje ku bidukikije byo mu turere dushyuha tw’inkombe
   Kugira ngo bihangane n’inganda zo ku nkombe za Nijeriya zirangwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, n’umunyu mwinshi, iyi gahunda yose yashyizwemo imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere:
   • Ibikoresho n'Imyambaro: Ingufu za Vaporizer n'imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma bikoresha aloyi za aluminiyumu zirwanya ingese n'ingufu zikomeye zirwanya ingese.
   • Kurinda imiterere y'amababa: Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira amababa mu mwanya uhagije no kuyatunganya neza birinda kwangirika kw'imikorere bitewe no gushonga no kwirundanya kw'umunyu mu gihe hari ubushuhe bwinshi.
   • Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi: Sisitemu zo kugenzura n'utubati tw'amashanyarazi bifite uburinzi bwa IP66 kandi bifite ibikoresho birwanya ubushuhe n'ibikwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
3. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda umutekano hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura y'ubwenge
   Sisitemu ishyiraho imiterere y’uburinzi bw’ibice byinshi ikubiyemo uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa, ibikoresho by’umutekano, n’ubutabazi bw’ubutabazi bwihutirwa:
   • Kugenzura Ubwiza bw'Ubwoko: Ihindura mu buryo bwikora umubare w'ibikoresho bikora vaporizer hamwe n'uburyo bikwirakwira bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere n'ibikenewe mu gihe kiri imbere.
   • Igenzura ry’umutekano rikora: Rihuza uburyo bwo gupima imyuka iva muri laser no gusuzuma mu gihe nyacyo ndetse no kureba imiterere y’ibikoresho by’ingenzi.
   • Sisitemu yo Gufunga Ibihe byihutirwa: Ifite Sisitemu yigenga yo Gukingira Ibikoresho by'Umutekano (SIS) ikurikiza amahame ya SIL2, ituma habaho gufunga byihuse kandi mu buryo bunoze mu gihe habayeho amakosa muri sitasiyo yose.
4. Igenzura ry'imikorere ihamye ku miterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi udahamye
   Kugira ngo bikemure ikibazo cy’ihindagurika ry’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi mu gace runaka, ibikoresho by’ingenzi bya sisitemu bikubiyemo imiterere y’amashanyarazi menshi. Ingufu zigenzura zishyigikiwe na UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies - UPS), zituma sisitemu igenzura ikomeza gukora mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi cyangwa igihe gito cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi. Ibi bikomeza umutekano wa sitasiyo cyangwa bigafasha kuzimya neza, birinda umutekano wa sisitemu n’igihe cy’ubuzima bw’ibikoresho mu bihe bikomeye.

Agaciro k'umushinga n'akamaro k'inganda
Nk’uko ari sitasiyo ya mbere yo kuvugurura LNG muri Nijeriya, uyu mushinga ntiwashoboye gusa gushyiraho uruhererekane rw’ingufu rwa "import - regasification - pipeline transmission" mu gihugu, ahubwo no kwemeza ko ikoranabuhanga rinini rikoresha umwuka ushyuha mu kirere mu nganda zishyuha ku nkengero z’inyanja rihamye kandi rirambye mu bukungu, utanga igisubizo cyageragejwe cy’"ibikoresho by'ingenzi" kuri Nijeriya no mu karere ka Afurika y'Iburengerazuba kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ibikorwa remezo bisa. Uyu mushinga ugaragaza ubushobozi bw’iyi sosiyete mu gushushanya ibidukikije cyane, guhuza ibikoresho binini by’ingufu zisukuye, no kugeza ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwo hejuru. Ufite akamaro kanini mu guteza imbere impinduka mu miterere y’ingufu mu karere no kwemeza umutekano w’ingufu.